• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Abstract An antenna further comprising a first port, a second port, so constructed and arranged that the first port is 180-degrees out of phase with respect to the second port.
    公开号:AU2013205196A1
    申请号:U2013205196
    申请日:2013-04-14
    公开日:2014-09-18
    发明作者:Robert Francis Joseph Loftus
    申请人:Loftus Robert Francis Joseph Mr；
    IPC主号:H01Q3-26
    专利说明:
    1 A Dual Port Single Frequency Antenna Cross Reference to Related Applications 5 The present invention claims the benefit of priority from AU patent application number 2013900724 filed on 04 March 2013, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference (as if recited below). 10 Background of Invention Technical Field 15 The present invention pertains to the field of antennas. Background Art Transmission and reception of fields, including 20 electromagnetic fields and ultrasonic fields, from a source to a target has met with a plurality of difficulties that have affected the cost and complexity of construction of antennas and antenna systems. 25 Summary of Invention General problems with the background art, as identified by the inventor, include: 30 the need to solve the problem of isolating transmitted and received fields when using an antenna. 35 2 Specific problems with the background art, as identified by the inventor, include: 5 determining how to transmit and receive fields from a single antenna without interference between transmitted and received fields; to simplify antenna system design; 10 to reduce the cost of construction of antenna systems. Technical Problem 15 To ameliorate some of the effects of the general problems and the specific problems as recited above and in particular to provide, at least in part, an antenna that avoids the need to isolate transmitted and received 20 fields using separate antenna systems. Technical Solution The technical solution includes: 25 ensuring that transmitted and re-radiated fields are 180 degrees out of phase (for purposes of field and signal isolation); 30 transmitting and receiving fields to and from a single antenna; using the same frequency for transmission and reception of fields. 35 3 Advantageous Effects 5 Advantageous effects include: the use of a single antenna for transmission and reception minimizes construction complexity and the cost of an antenna; 10 an ability to transmit and receive at a same frequency minimizes operational complexity of an antenna; the use of transmitted and received fields that are 180 15 degrees out of phase with respect to one another minimizes the prospect of interference between transmitted and received fields because the only signals produced, if any, prior to mixing, as a result of signal interaction (cross talk), are either null signals, 20 additive signals or subtracted signals --- isolation of signals being achieved, in substance, by a 180-degree phase shift upon re-radiation of a field from a target. A method for operating an antenna including: deriving an 25 output signal from the antenna at a port that is 180 degrees out of phase with respect to a port associated with the antenna's input signal. 30 4 Brief Description of Drawings Fig 1 shows a schematic view of a first embodiment of a dual feed, single frequency slot antenna. 5 Fig 2 shows a perspective view of an antenna that illustrates transmission towards a target and reception from the target, of field paths pertaining to a dual port, dual feed, single frequency antenna according to 10 one embodiment of the present invention. Figs 3A and 3B provide qualitative representations of the phase differences (between transmitted and received fields) as seen in the aperture of a slot antenna. 15 Fig 4 provides a qualitative representation of the field paths and phasing of the transmitted and received fields between source and target. 20 Fig 5 shows voltage and current over a half-wave length of a single feed, single port slot antenna. Fig 6 shows voltage and current over a half-wave length of a dual feed, dual port slot antenna. 25 30 5 Detailed Description Best Mode 5 Definitions and Terms The description in the body of the specification pertains to 'preferred' modes of invention. Accordingly, features recited in the body of the specification should not be 10 construed to be essential features of the invention unless explicitly indicated. Further, any reference in the body of the specification to the expression 'invention' should be construed to imply a reference to preferred embodiments only. 15 Reference to 'a 180-degree phase shift' refers to an inversion of a periodic waveform upon reflection off a target (where dimensions have been scaled to 360-degrees for purposes of discussion of a full wave period). 20 Figure 1 is an illustration of a dual feed, dual port antenna system 100 according to one embodiment of the present invention. The feeds 103, 104 used in this embodiment are constructed from 50-ohm co-axial cable. 25 However, other feed structures could also be used including micro-strip printed circuit transmission lines. A microwave frequency, thin slot antenna 100 is used in this embodiment of the invention. Other antennas 30 including dipole antennas, so configured, to be driven in dual port, dual feed mode can also be used. Further, as the basic design and feed matching of microwave, thin slot antennas are well known to those skilled in the art of microwave transmission and reception, only the 6 arrangements pertinent to implementation of embodiments of the present invention will be discussed. The dual feed, single frequency antenna system 100 5 includes a substantially planar electrically conductive ground plane (plate) 101 with a thin slot aperture 102, a first feed 103 and a second inverted feed 104. Both feeds in this embodiment are parallel to and connected to the conductive ground plane (plate) 101 (the requirement 10 of parallel orientation being preferred (desirable according to one embodiment of the present invention but not mandatory)). Additionally, any plane (plate), having a slot of any shape can be used provided that the total internal perimeter of the slot is a full wavelength 15 (where measurement includes, for wavelength purposes, the top and bottom of the slot). The coaxial feed structure's outer screen is connected to the ground plane 101. Both the inner and outer conductors 20 of each feed are connected across the aperture 102 at the two points where the aperture impedance exactly matches the characteristic impedance (50 ohms in this case) of each coaxial feed. However, different feed structures of different impedance, requiring matching of the feeds to 25 the antenna at different points of connection (ports) on the antenna can also be used, provided that the feed connection points (ports) in the case of a slot antenna are diametrically opposite each other with respect to the centre of the slot in order to ensure that the two feed 30 connection points (ports) are 180-degrees out of phase with respect to each other. Figure 2 shows the transmitter signal Si being applied to first feed 103, which in turn excites the antenna at the 7 aperture 102. The region of the slot antenna at the aperture 102 then radiates W1 (a transmitted electromagnetic field) towards a target T (in this case a metal string). Upon reaching the target T, the radiated 5 wave W1, (in this case a microwave) undergoes a 180 degree phase reversal as W1 is reflected and is re radiated back in the form of W2 off the target T towards the antenna 100. Field W2 then excites the antenna at the aperture 102 to produce a received signal S2 that is 10 tapped at the point of connection (port) to the antenna associated with the second feed structure 104. However the port associated with outgoing feed 104 is a further 180-degrees out of phase with respect to the port associated with incoming feed 103 (as a result of current 15 reflection at the ends of the slot), accordingly, S2 (being the result of two 180-degree phase shifts --- one at the target T and one internally within the antenna 100 at the ends of the aperture is now in phase with respect to Si). 20 The above discussion pertains to standard half wavelength slot antennas. Different multiples of wavelengths can also be used provided that: positions for input (first) and output (second) feeds are appropriately selected so 25 as to produce and receive radiation (the ability to deliver power to an antenna and also to take power out of the antenna at positions of theoretically non-infinite impedance) and also that the slot length is sufficiently dimensioned to provide a secondary port associated with 30 the outgoing (second) feed 104 so that the incoming signal Si is in-phase with respect to the outgoing signal S2 (S2 being in phase with respect to Sl as a result of two 180-degree phase shifts (one at the target and one internally within the antenna at endpoints of the slot 8 (aperture)). Similarly, as recited above, feeds having different ohmic values can be connected across edges of the slot --- impedance matching then occurring at different feed connection points (ports) on the slot. 5 Additionally, different types of antennas including dipole antennas can also be used. Figure (3A and 3B), illustrates a dual mode of operation of an antenna in qualitative form (arrows being provided 10 to indicate phase relationships between transmitted and received fields, W1 and W2 respectively). Naturally, in the case of a slot antenna, the arrows denote E-field polarization. 15 A representation of transmission mode is shown in Fig 3A. Similarly reception mode is shown in Fig 3B. The 180 degree phase difference between fields W1 and W2 can be seen from the arrows within the slot in Fig 3, which pertain to the effect of E-field polarization in the 20 antenna. It is to be noted that Si and W1 are in phase as seen in Fig 3A. Next, it is noted from Fig 3B that W2 is in phase with respect to the internal voltage and electric fields produced by W2. However, it is important to note that the point of connection (port) for the 25 outgoing feed for S2 is 180-degrees out of phase with respect to the point of connection (port) for the incoming feed for Si (see points of connection (ports) associated with feed structures 103 and 104 in figure 1). Accordingly, S2 leaves the antenna 100 at the point of 30 connection (port) associated with feed 104 in phase with respect to Sl because S2's antecedent signal and field have collectively undergone two 180-degree phase shifts, bringing S2 back into phase with Si -- the first phase shift occurring at the target and the second phase shift 9 occurring inside the antenna by way of internal reflection of current at the ends of the slot 102 (currents on the top and bottom of the slot travelling in opposite directions). 5 Figure 4 illustrates fields in both transmission and reception modes according to one embodiment of the present invention. Note the phase inversion between Wi and W2 at the target. Further, note the effect of the 10 additional phase inversion that occurs within the antenna (as a result of current reflection at the slot' s ends) thus bringing S2 back into phase with respect to Sl (as seen by the currents depicted in the circles). 15 Figure 5 shows voltage and current over a half-wave length, single feed, single port, slot-antenna. Figure 5 also shows impedance matching points for use in association with 50-ohm coaxial cable. 20 Figure 6 shows the voltage and current over a half-wave length, dual feed dual port slot antenna. Figure 6 also shows the 50-ohm impedance matching points used in this embodiment of the present invention. Further, as previously recited, the antenna voltage has a 180-degree 25 phase difference between the two 50-ohm feeds. Mode of Invention Embodiments of the present invention recited above 30 pertain to transmission and reception of electromagnetic radiation. However, any waveform can be used, including the use of ultrasonic fields. Additionally, a plurality of differing targets including nylon and metal strings can also be used in association with fields operating at 10 frequencies sufficient for detection of 180-degree shifting of reflected signals. The above description pertains to the description of a duel feed, duel port slot antenna. However, other antenna structures, 5 including a dipole antenna can also be used. The only restriction once again on the use of a dipole antenna is that the dipole antenna must be of sufficient length to enable a first feed 103 and second feed 104 to be tapped in at the antenna at points of connection (ports) that 10 will match the impedance of the incoming and outgoing feeds for Si and S2 to the antenna impedance and also to ensure that the secondary connection point (port) at which feed 104 is connected to the antenna is 180-degrees out of phase with respect to the input connection point 15 (port) at which feed 103 is connected to the antenna. Embodiments of the present invention recited under Best Mode pertain, in general, to microwave transmission. However, just as variation from one waveform structure to 20 another (electromagnetic to ultrasound) can occur, variations in frequency can be used within the electromagnetic spectrum and similarly within the scale of frequencies applicable to sound vibrations (restriction to ultrasound frequency ranges only being 25 preferred). Industrial Applicability One aim of embodiments of the present invention is to 30 overcome some of the problems associated with the use of multiple antennas by simultaneously transmitting and receiving signals, including radio signals, on substantially the same frequency. More specifically, another aim of the present invention is to maintain a 11 high degree of isolation between transmitted and received signals. Embodiments of the present invention provide a 5 structurally simple solution to problems associated with transmission and reception of electromagnetic signals and in particular, continuous microwave signals at the same frequency. Embodiments of the present invention have commercial applications in areas including movement 10 detection, ranging, speed detection, vibration detection and medical imaging. The embodiments are also ideally suited for use in single-frequency communication repeaters and also other applications using zero-IF reception techniques. The above embodiments can be 15 further generalized to include any frequency within the electromagnetic spectrum including visible light, infrared, ultraviolet and also frequencies applicable to lasers. Similarly, while a slot antenna has been recited as being preferred, different types of antennas can be 20 contemplated including folded dipole and quad antennas, provided that the antennas are so constructed and arranged that incoming and outgoing feeds are in phase as a result of two 180-degree phase shifts (one shift occurring at the target and one subsequent shift 25 occurring inside the antenna).
    权利要求:
    Claims (7)
    [1] 1. An antenna further comprising: a first port; a second port; so constructed and arranged that the first port is 180 degrees out of phase with respect to the second port.
    [2] 2. The antenna as recited in claim 1, wherein the antenna is a slot antenna.
    [3] 3. The antenna as recited in claim 2 in which the first port and the second port are located on the antenna at points diametrically opposite each other with respect to the slot's centre.
    [4] 4. The antenna as recited in claim 3 that is configured to operate at a microwave frequency.
    [5] 5. The antenna as recited in claim 1 that is a dipole antenna.
    [6] 6. The antenna as recited in claim 1 that is an ultrasonic antenna.
    [7] 7. A method for operating an antenna comprising: deriving an output signal from the antenna at a port that is 180 degrees out of phase with respect to a port associated with the antenna's input signal.
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    法律状态:
    2015-04-09| FGA| Letters patent sealed or granted (standard patent)|
    2020-11-12| MK14| Patent ceased section 143(a) (annual fees not paid) or expired|
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    AU2013900724||2013-03-04||
    AU2013900724A|AU2013900724A0||2013-03-04|A Dual Feed Single Frequency Antenna|
    AU2013205196A|AU2013205196B2|2013-03-04|2013-04-14|A Dual Port Single Frequency Antenna|AU2013205196A| AU2013205196B2|2013-03-04|2013-04-14|A Dual Port Single Frequency Antenna|
    GB1403385.6A| GB2512734B|2013-03-04|2014-02-26|A dual port single frequency antenna|
    DE102014002673.6A| DE102014002673A1|2013-03-04|2014-02-28|Double Connection Einfrequenzantenne|
    US14/195,298| US9413064B2|2013-03-04|2014-03-03|Dual port single frequency antenna|
    US15/201,536| US9595764B2|2013-03-04|2016-07-04|Dual port single frequency antenna|
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